Future of work
A curated resource of recent research on trends shaping Canada's labour market.
This report highlights trends for women’s full-time employment in Canada from 2007-2021, with a focus on Indigenous and immigrant women. The full-time employment rate for both groups appear to increase with age:
- In 2007, 53% of Indigenous women aged 25-29 were working full-time, which increased to 63% in 2021 when the same individuals were 40-44 years old.
- Immigrant women who arrived in Canada as children or teenagers remained at the same rate (69% full time employment) from 2007 to 2021.
- For immigrant women who arrived in Canada after the age of 18, their full-time employment increased from 48% in 2007 (age 25-29) to 64% in 2021 (age 40-44).
Higher education tends to be associated with higher rates of labour market integration. In the case of Indigenous women, although this demographic had the lowest university education rates, 79% of those who were university educated were as likely to hold full-time employment as their non-Indigenous Canadian-born counterparts in 2021. However, for immigrant women with university education obtained outside of Canada, their numbers were not as strong. In 2021, 66% of long-term immigrants (arriving in Canada more than 10 years ago) with a university education obtained outside of Canada were working in full-time positions. The researchers suggest that credential recognition, parenthood and marital status contribute to these lower outcomes.