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Future of work

A curated resource of recent research on trends shaping Canada's labour market.

COVID-19 and world of work: Impact and policy responses. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Organization. 

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The COVID-19 virus will impact the world of work in terms of quantity of jobs, quality of work, and effects on vulnerable workers in the labour market. The ILO estimates a significant rise in unemployment and underemployment based on GDP growth in the wake of the virus. A decrease in wages and working hours and an increase in self-employment are also expected.

The ILO lays out several key policies to mitigate the impacts of COVID-19 on the world of work: 1) stimulate demand and protect workers and enterprises via a human-centred approach; 2) focus policy responses on health protection measures and economic support for both demand and supply; 3) monitor carefully for strong and sustained impacts, and for direct and indirect effects of all policy interventions; 4) build confidence through trust and dialogue; 5) protect workers in accordance with WHO recommendations; 6) stimulate the economy and labour demand through fiscal and monetary policies; 7) protect employment and incomes for enterprises and workers impacted by the indirect effects of COVID-19 such factory closures, disrupted supply chains, travel bans, cancellation of public events, etc.

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2025 | Munro, D., & Lamb C.
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2024 | Cukier, W., Saiphoo, A., & Parkin, A.
Key Takeaway: There is an urgent need for employers to develop artificial intelligence (AI) policies and to implement training for the use of AI tools at work.
January, 2025 | Health Canada
Key Takeaway: There’s a significant gap between the supply and the demand for health-care workers in Canada, which is expected to worsen without intervention.
2024 | Bright, J., Enock, F.E., Esnaashari, S., Francis, J., Hashem, Y. and Morgan, D.
Key Takeaway: Generative artificial intelligence is becoming embedded in the everyday work of many sectors—including the public sector.
April, 2024 | Vernède, S., Trzcinski, J. & Pietruszka, M.
Key Takeaway: The availability of both green jobs and jobs requiring green skills is outpacing the number of workers with the right skills.
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