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Future of work

A curated resource of recent research on trends shaping Canada's labour market.

Further and further away: Canada’s unrealized digital potential.

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Key Takeaway
Without unlocking the full potential of the digital workforce, Canada risks missing out on valuable insights, talent and experience.

 
This research examines the way technology and tech adoption has impacted tech workers and their jobs across 500 occupations in Canada. Using individual-level data from 2001 to 2016 — including a defined analytical framework of worker productivity and hourly pay — this study explores how the impact of technology adoption changed tech work over those 15 years.  

This study also identifies specific inequities in pay and labour participation faced by workers belonging to historically marginalized identity groups. Pay gaps and ongoing marginalization means that those who create and use technologies in Canada do not represent those who live and work here. Essentially, Canada is falling far behind on developing and using digital talent.  

Five major outcomes were determined in the report: 

  1. Jobs requiring the highest level of digital intensity were associated with higher salary increases. 
  2. Women are increasingly being excluded from tech work. 
  3. The gender pay gap persists and is intensified by intersectionality. 
  4. Pay inequities that did not exist before were found for immigrants working in tech. 
  5. Jobs associated with routine-based tasks have decreased in digital intensity. 
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April, 2025 | Wang, Z., Shakir, S., Servais, B., Osman, S., Hu, Y., Gamal, Y., Elshrief, M., Cloete, K. J., Mostafa, A., Santos, J., Xia, Y., Chen, C. X., Li, F., Hilal, I. H. I., Elsayed, A. E., Abdallatif, Y., Zhang, H., & Tsiroukis, F.
Key Takeaway: Emerging fields of science could reshape the landscapes of entire industries. Strong guardrails are needed to mitigate potential unintended risks for health, the environment, and labour markets.
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December, 2024 | Public Policy Forum
Key Takeaway: Experts say that harmonizing regulations, modernizing copyright laws, strengthening cybersecurity, and upgrading Canada’s energy infrastructure are crucial for building a strong AI industry.
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January, 2025 | Donald, F. & Janzen, N.
Key Takeaway: Researchers across Canada have been developing predictions and estimates for the potential impacts of tariffs by examining past trade policies and various economic factors.
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March, 2025 | McMillan, H.
Key Takeaway: Tariffs are the latest factor expected to influence the labour market. Understanding how they will affect local labour markets and economies is crucial.
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2025 | The Conference Board of Canada
Key Takeaway: The economy in Yukon is expected to grow by 41% from 2024 to 2045. However, the existing labour supply cannot meet the territory’s current labour demand.
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2025 | Munro, D., & Lamb C.
Key Takeaway: Work-integrated learning programs that are short, flexible and less resource-intensive increase opportunities for students to develop professional skills and networks.
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