Future of work

This paper offers a critical analysis of Canada’s International Student Program (ISP), highlighting its exponential growth, economic contributions and challenges.

The number of international students in Canada has seen a dramatic increase, reaching over 807,750 by the end of 2022, with the majority hailing from India, China and the Philippines. International students contributed over $22 billion to Canada’s economy in 2018 and supported 218,000 jobs. The labour market impact is significant, with the number of employed international students rising from 21,800 in 2000 to 277,400 in 2018.

The authors explain that ISP allows students to work part-time during their academic sessions and full-time during breaks, aiding their socio-economic integration and paving the way for potential permanent residency. In 2022, about 95,000 international students transitioned to permanent residence, indicating their integration into the Canadian labour market and society.

Despite these benefits, the program faces challenges like exploitation and fraud, with some students using their study permits primarily for work.

The paper recommends increasing oversight of educational institutions and creating comprehensive policies for transitioning from temporary to permanent residency. A notable policy change in 2022, aimed at alleviating labour shortages, involved lifting off-campus work restrictions for international students. While this move was designed to benefit the labour market, it also raises concerns about students potentially prioritizing work over their studies.

Overall, the paper underscores the ISP’s significant contribution to Canada’s labour market dynamics while advocating for measures to safeguard its integrity and support the well-being of international students. The authors highlight the need for balanced and ethical policy-making, considering both the educational aspirations of students and Canada’s labour needs.